Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

What Is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is a condition characterized by persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity. Individuals with ADHD may have difficulty focusing, organizing things, listening to instructions, remembering details, and completing tasks. Some may be restless and frequently interrupt others, fidget, or have difficulty waiting their turn. These symptoms can affect an individual’s relationships at home, school, or work.

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder, meaning that symptoms begin in childhood, before age 12. ADHD occurs in approximately 5% of children and 2.5% of adults, with males about twice as likely to receive this diagnosis as females. Heredity plays a significant role in causing ADHD; among parents of children with ADHD, approximately 20% have ADHD themselves. Given that behaviors associated with ADHD are typically disruptive, there is also a transactional relationship between these symptoms and the social environment. Disruptive behavior often elicits a negative response from frustrated parents or peers, which in turn leads to an increase in the individual’s negative affect and disruptive behaviors. Such a cycle of interactions often maintains the disruptive behavior of the individual with ADHD.